The Elderly are Changing the Face of Health Care Essay

The elderly aged 65 and older are the leading users of healthcare services nationwide. As the older Americans is an asset to the country, the increasingly aging population is a challenge. In 2050, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to be 88.5 million, more than double its projected population of 40.2 million in 2010 (Vincent, and Velcoff). It is important to recognize the growth of the aging population, with the increasing health care costs and health care services that are in great demand, the health care system is changing and it is a challenge in delivering health care to the elderly. Providing and financing health care services have factors to help improve care of the older Americans is to advocate and educate†¦show more content†¦Patient factors include poor adherence, low tolerance of health outcomes and the inability to long-term health outcomes It is the lack of proper dosage, and complicated formularies of the complex drug (Murray). The benefi ts must therefore meet health budgets and health safety to help the elderly in these times and the future. The care of the elderly most importantly comes from their doctors and physicians to ensure patient safety, giving appropriate dosages and information, and quality care. Health care organizations must determine the costs that will meet guidelines of quality benefits. Overall it is the patient or the caregiver who must take responsibility for the patients medication and reaching better health. Using information technology is another important component to improve health care. Information technology can help improve the quality of care to older adults and their caregivers to better manage their own care. Information technology improves communication between doctors and patients by accessing Patient Portal, an online tool that offers patients a secure environment to perform functions like scheduling appointments, requesting refills on medications, looking at lab results and communicating with their providers in a confidential and secure manner (â€Å"What is a patient portal?†). By providing effective care physicians need computer systems to necessary track patientsShow MoreRelatedMental And Behavioral Health Services1216 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the moment of conception, people face an array of changes both physically and psychologically until death. Lifespan development is the name psychologists have given to the physical and cognitive changes that occur throughout a person’s life and one important issue in the field of Life-Span Developm ent is the topic of the elderly and the struggles that they face. This following issue affects me personally because I see it every day at an acute care hospital where I work. I have observed how theirRead MoreIs Ageism Against The Older People Could Potentially Be Reversed Through The Participation Of A Lifespan Human Development Course1620 Words   |  7 Pageswhen students participate in a lifelong development course exercise they can gain more knowledge and understanding of older adults, and therefore will exhibit more positive attitude towards them. Assessment of Changing Students’ Stereotypes of Older Adults Overall, I found the article Changing Students Stereotypes of Older Adults by Wurtele and Maruyama (2013) to be very helpful for the general public. The authors convey a strong and powerful message that the public needs to know more about. AccordingRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy (â€Å"Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States,† 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into theirRead MoreDemographics and Changing Needs of Patients Requiring Long Term Care1308 Words   |  5 PagesDemographics and changing needs: Patients requiring long-term care Identify the targeted population The definition of a patient in need of long-term care is a patient who needs assistance to perform the basic acts of daily life. This may be as a result of a chronic condition, trauma, illness or advanced age. Long-term care often involves the most intimate aspects of peoples lives what and when they eat, personal hygiene, getting dressed, using the bathroom (What is long-term care, 2012, FCA).Read MoreSocial Security and Medicare Will Hang by a Thread764 Words   |  3 PagesPeople receiving Social Security and Medicare need to prepare for drastic changes. Social Security and Medicare in unity has been around since 1965. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to help the elderly pay for expensive medical necessities from doctor visits to medicine. President Johnson knew that elderly individuals would have less income and pay more for medical necessities than younger individuals. He made Social Security and Medicare a number one priority during his presidency, not knowing yearsRead Mor eHealth Partners Free Clinic Is An Agency That Can Help These Individuals948 Words   |  4 Pagesare living longer and the elderly population is gowing by leaps and bounds. In the years to come, this age group will face chronic illnesses. These individuals will need teaching on how to self-manage the sickness. Diabetes medications can cost a person up to $1,379 which is a lot of money for someone on a limited income. Twenty percent of people age 65 and older conveyed taking less prescriptions over the past couple of years (Bennett Flaherty-Robb, 2013). Health Partners Free Clinic is anRead MoreBaby Boomers Effect on Health Care1521 Words   |  7 PagesBaby Boomers’ Effect On Health Care Salvatore Manzella May 27, 2013 HCS Health Care Consumer-Trends and Marketing Jacqueline Jeff Baby Boomers’ Effect in Health Care As the baby boomer generation begins to reach retirement age, there has been much speculation as to what affect they will have on the health care industry. The baby boomer generation is the group of people born between 1946 and 1964. At one point, there were more than 76 million of them, of which 4 million died before 2000. WithRead MoreHealthcare System For Medicare And Medicaid1573 Words   |  7 PagesWith a rapidly changing health care system, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) faces significant challenges in the coming years. Key populations served by Medicare and Medicaid will increase dramatically over the next 10 years as the Baby Boom Generation ages into Medicare, more Americans live longer with more chronic illnesses, and the number of Medicaid enrollees increases as a result of program expansions under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (///citations///). The cost, qualityRead MoreCreative Thinking : Creativity And Innovation Essay1745 Words   |  7 P agesmentioned creative thinking enabled our team of six different personalities to come together and implement a plan to solve a complex problem in a hospital. Our assigned task was to recommend a plan in order to alleviate hospital readmission among elderly population within thirty days of discharge. In this paper the author is narrating the team dynamics, functionalities and personal competencies in the process of recommending a change in the system. As a member in the innovation leadership team theRead MoreLack Of Risk Of A Disease Based On Health Behaviors1442 Words   |  6 PagesHBM is perceived seriousness which is defined as one’s belief of the severity of a disease or health condition (Hayden, 2014). Old people understand that the consequences from OA are serious. The pain from OA prevents people from performing their normal activities. Another component in the HBM is perceived susceptibility which is defined as one’s belief of risk of acquiring a disease based on health behaviors (Hayden, 2014). People believe that aging causes many chronic problems. Old people

Does Binocular Rivalry Affect Our Conscious Perceptions

Binocular rivalry is the switching of perception between two images seen by the eyes simultaneously. Past research has indicated that some substances can affect binocular rivalry rate. In this study, we looked at the rate of binocular rivalry in undergraduate students when they had consumed either alcohol or caffeine, or were in a control group. We found that caffeine significantly sped up the rate of binocular rivalry, but that alcohol had no significant effect. This implies that substances may have an effect on perceptual switching and provides evidence for the different conditions that may affect our conscious perceptions. Introduction Binocular rivalry is a term used for the switching of perception between two different images that are simultaneously seen by the eyes. When this occurs, you are only conscious of one of these images at a time, with the dominant image switching between the two every few seconds. During binocular rivalry, either all or part of one of the images is suppressed from consciousness. There are three main properties of binocular rivalry; exclusivity, inevitability and stochasticity. Exclusivity means that only one image can be seen at a time, inevitability is that perception will always change at some point, as it is impossible to hold onto one image forever, and stochasticity is that switching will occur at unpredictable times (Fox and Herrmann, 1967). Many factors can influence the dominance of an image, including motion, contrast and salience.Show MoreRelatedThe Mechanics of Consciousness1571 Words   |  6 PagesConsciousness it is a state of awareness on both the external and internal actions and reaction toward different stimulus. Consciousness has greater impacts on our daily life and could influence survival of different organisms that lives on planet earth. The benefits is that it offers protection as it control the self .Consciousness regulate what we think and the reaction that we respond to the different experiences that we undergo on daily basis. Also, it allows us to either allow a thought or respond

Data Communication and Networks

Question: Discuss about the Data Communication and Networks. Answer: Introduction In this report, the researcher has identified that Cisco Packet Tracer is a network monitoring and implementation tool. Now the researcher implementing a network diagram for the given scenario. In this report, every success of evidence is address with the justification. Here the researcher, use four types of devices to implement this network architecture such as Cisco router 1841, switch, server and PCs. This research report also includes the important functionality of the Cisco packet tracer. The identification of network monitoring tool The Cisco packet tracer is one of the best network design and monitoring tool for networking. In this application, a user can draw a network architecture by the available tools in this application (Hua and Lucas 2015). There are many Cisco product, which needs to drag and drop onto the canvas and connect them via the available connecting wires. These wires are used according to their requirements such as a switch and PCs connect through a copper cable connection. Figure 1: Cisco Packet Tracer Interface (Source: Created by author) Figure 2: Cisco Packet Tracer Simulation Tool (Source: Created by author) These devices contain CLI, CMD, simulation and GUI form that is used to configure as configured in real word configuration (Mohammadi and Murray 2013). Here a user can configure a demo of their real world network architecture where without any a headache they can test their network architecture plan. Key Features of Cisco Packet Tracer The Cisco packet provides supplements genuine hardware and empowers amplified learning opportunities past physical classroom difficulties. Underpins addresses, gathering and individual labs, homework, appraisals, contextual analyses, recreations, and rivalries. Reproduces consistent, continuous redesigns of hidden system rationale and exercises. Makes educating less demanding by giving a free, multiuser environment for educators to effortlessly show specific complex ideas (Hua and Lucas 2015). Engages understudies in investigating ideas, conduct analyses and testing their comprehension. It provides writing of learning exercises, undertakings, labs, and complex evaluations. Advances social learning through a system proficient (shared) application with open doors for the multiuser rivalry, past substitute teacher collaborations, long range interpersonal communication, and gaming (Wang and Chen 2014). Figure 3.0: Showing the supported protocols (Source: Hua and Lucas 2015) Now come the integrated functionality of Cisco packet tracer where two types of works space available such as logical and physical (Mohammadi and Murray 2013). In this application, the users can draw logical network topology by clustering the network tools. The physical workplace allows a graphical presentation of logical network topology. By this physical dimension, the users can get the sense, how the network devices such as a switch, router, firewall and hosts works and looks in the real environment. Figure 3: Server (Server: Created by author) The Network Implementation Now using this network-monitoring tool the researcher implement the logical topology of a city, where an ISP is used to provide the IP address to the hosts (Elias and Ali 2014). The ISP has a range of IP 172.16.1.1 to 172.16.1.125. Here this ISP cannot provide any IP address out of this range. In the below figure 4, showing this configuration. Figure 4: Showing the DHCP configuration of server device (Source: Created by author) Now the researcher configures this server as the DNS server, where a host can browse a website through the web browser (Archana 2015). Here this functionality is showing in few figures underneath. Figure 5: DNS Configuration (Source: Created by author) Figure 6: Functionality of Cisco PC Desktop (Source: created by author) Figure 7: Cisco Web Browser (Source: Created bu author) Figure 8: The logical topology (Source: Created bu author) Conclusion In the report, the researchers find that Cisco packet tracer is one of the useful network monitoring application. This application is used in the above all implementation and definition the tools. Here the researchers provided documentation for a huge range of supportive protocols, device, command prompt and GUI forms. The researcher implemented a network diagram for the given scenario. However, in this report, every success of evidence are addressed with the justification. After all assumption the feature of Cisco packet tracer, it can be concluded that this application includes all networking concept including physical and logical structure. Bibliographies Archana, C., 2015. Analysis of RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP Configuration on router Using CISCO Packet tracer. Analysis, 4(2). Elias, M.S. and Ali, A.Z.M., 2014. Survey on the Challenges Faced by the Lecturers in Using Packet Tracer Simulation in Computer Networking Course. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, pp.11-15. Ghazali, K.W.M., Hassan, R. and Ali, Z.M., 2013, January. A network device simulator in android platform. In Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2013 15th International Conference on (pp. 378-381). IEEE. Hua, D. and Lucas, P., 2015. Enhancing Learning Experiences in Data Networking Education. CTE Journal, 3(1). Liu, M., 2014. Cisco Networking Academy: Next-Generation Assessments and Their Implications for K-12 Education. Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation. Mohammadi, N. and Murray, I., 2013, August. Developing methodologies for the presentation of graphical educational material in a non-visual form for use by people with vision impairment. In Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 373-377). IEEE. Oladipo, F.O., Madu, C.C. and Okoro, C.C., 2015. Re-Engineering Campus-Wide Internet Telephony Using Voice over Internet Protocol. International Journal of Networks and Communications, 5(2), pp.23-30. Prasad, N.H., Reddy, B.K., Amarnath, B. and Puth Archana, C., 2015. Analysis of RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP Configuration on router Using CISCO Packet tracer. Analysis, 4(2). Elias, M.S. and Ali, A.Z.M., 2014. Survey on the Challenges Faced by the Lecturers in Using Packet Tracer Simulation in Computer Networking Course. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, pp.11-15. Ghazali, K.W.M., Hassan, R. and Ali, Z.M., 2013, January. A network device simulator in android platform. In Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2013 15th International Conference on (pp. 378-381). IEEE. Hua, D. and Lucas, P., 2015. Enhancing Learning Experiences in Data Networking Education. CTE Journal, 3(1). Liu, M., 2014. Cisco Networking Academy: Next-Generation Assessments and Their Implications for K-12 Education. Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation. Mohammadi, N. and Murray, I., 2013, August. Developing methodologies for the presentation of graphical educational material in a non-visual form for use by people with vision impairment. In Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 373-377). IEEE. Oladipo, F.O., Madu, C.C. and Okoro, C.C., 2015. Re-Engineering Campus-Wide Internet Telephony Using Voice over Internet Protocol. International Journal of Networks and Communications, 5(2), pp.23-30. Prasad, N.H., Reddy, B.K., Amarnath, B. and Puthanial, M., 2016. INTERVLAN Routing and Various Configurations on VLAN in a Network using CISCO Packet Tracer 6.2. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, 2(11), pp.749-758. Sun, L., Zhang, Y. and Yin, H., 2013, April. Comparison between physical devices and simulator software for Cisco network technology teaching. In Computer Science Education (ICCSE), 2013 8th International Conference on (pp. 1357-1360). IEEE. Wang, C. and Chen, J.Y., 2014, May. Implementation of GRE Over IPsec VPN Enterprise Network Based on Cisco Packet Tracer. In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing in Information Communication Technology. Atlantis Press.

Recreation of Characters by Angela Carters

Question: Describe about the essay Recreation of Characters by Angela Carters? Answer: Introduction: By tracing my vague memory of Beauty and the Beast, Frances traditional fairy tale written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, I recalled the memory of watching animation and reading it as an elementary student. I was so young that I was not able to understand the silent meaning of the story at that time. As we all know, the original movie and novel of Beauty and Beast is about good triumphing over the evil and it includes a happy ending. Angela Carters The Tigers Bride in The Bloody Camber, a retelling of Beauty and Beast by Jan Brett in The Classic Fairy Tales, both are based on the general fairy tale genre. To be specific, the fairy tale involves fantasy characters and component unrealistic such as necromancy. These elements are expressed well in two stories like another fairy tales. I want to focus on two characters; Bella and Beast and by comparing between Beauty and Beast and The Tigers Bride adaptation of Beauty and Beast. Moreover, I would like to identify the usage of meta phors and also what parts Carter wants to let audience know through the story. The story begins with the main character narrating herself in The Tigers Bride, whereas story in Beauty and Beast has led by third persons point of view. The plot of the story in Beauty and Beast unfolds in an objective point of view. On the contrary, in The Tigers bride, a first-person narrative speaks directly on behalf of Bella, one of the main charters, and the detailed description of the Bellas psychology is well expressed. The narrator, Bella, talks the story from standpoint of modern woman, and it represents progressive woman. In addition, the story has taken a subject view of the narrator, and it is resulted that the story has embodiment. As I mentioned, the most important characters, who are Beast and Beauty. I would like to talk about the Beast first. At the beginning of The Tigers Bride, it is surprising that a father has lost his dear daughter due to gambling even though he loves her a lot. As we look at I have lost my pear, my pearl beyond price (55), not only the father emphasized he cherish his daughter by using a metaphor of Peal, but he regarded her as a valuable object at the same time. Had he considered his daughter as a human with dignity, he was not able to place a bet her daughter instead of money. She is underestimated as a person who can be easily changed with money. Even though she decided to belong herself to the Beast, I believe that she did not want her father to sell her to the beast. Nevertheless, she did not blame her father, but she convinced that her father really loves her, You must not think my father valued me at less than a kings ransom; but, at no more than a kings ransom (54). In the story The Tigers Bride, I believe the position of females is underrated. Carter has proceeded with the language of age-old fairy tales with its reinterpretation in the form of focus upon a young woman who reaches sexual maturity. Though, it was completely the dependent on the soul of her father who remained in peril while she was growing up to this maturity. Carter has challenged the gender orientation of the term beauty with subverts of happy ending. Here, beauty is not equated with something good as depicted in the original. The author has challenged our assumptions(Munford). All through the storyline, the horror of beast has continuously been dominated by the beauty. The image of a man has been lowered and a fathers failure has been made more specific. Readers get a sense that it is about destruction of image, and then that of rebirth. Angela Carter had laid greater emphasis upon the inhuman condition and treatment of the women in the society. This has been reflected where the father of the lead character had sold her to the beast on losing a gambling game although she was like a pearl in his life. The situation is not only common in books but it is a reality in the society where we find the darker truth of women being ill-treated as objects. They are even sold as any other transaction to satisfy ones sexual desire. The lead character of the story is a young girl who just entered the stage of adulthood and the idea of getting naked in front of the beast gave her a goose bum. As the story progressed, she realized that she needs to be strong enough to fight for herself and the stereotypical society. Her vulnerability as well as weakness is to be overcome. So she slowly undresses her to the beast, revealing all that she once feared. This act of her had surely strengthened her individualism more with the help of the be ast, thereby allowing both to accept their stronger selves along with severe equality. Conclusion: This version was written during an era where a woman was expected to accept her very role in life to be an accessory for a man and to fulfill his sexual desires and even creation of heirs. At the same time, she needed to perform duties towards the family and prove herself lucrative to the family gains(Munford). However, Carter has been successful in portraying the various shades of the life of a woman through her writing. Carter never led to any form of conventional feminism. However, we get a notion that The Tigers Bride reflects upon the expectations of a woman confounding society. Carters story is subversive as she changes the plots radically along with her viewpoint and shades of characters. In conclusion it can be said that both the stories reflect the sufferings and dedication of female characters. In those days the female characters had to face many difficulties but in both the stories, the final result was favorable for the characters. These stories can be considered signific ant in that aspect. Work Cited: Brett, Jan.Beauty And The Beast. New York: Clarion Books, 1989. Print. Carter, Angela.The Bloody Chamber. New York: Harper Row, 1979. Print. Stowell, Louie, Victor Tavares, and Alison Kelly.Beauty The Beast. Tulsa: EDC Publ., 2007. Print.

Male Restroom Etiquette Essay Example

Male Restroom Etiquette Paper Graham Smith Professor Desormeaux English 101 August 4, 2009 Male Restroom Etiquette From the time a young boy can go the restroom on his own to the time he can be accountable for all of his own actions, he learns the unspoken rules of restroom etiquette. â€Å"Ever since man crawled out of the primordial ooze, he has built himself structures to contain the processes of bodily waste removal† (Wallach) For many men, the etiquette in restrooms is imbedded in their brains. There are many guidelines that are set to keep men comfortable during their joyous visit to relieve themselves. All of these guidelines are promoting men to become more proper. With these guidelines, taking a trip to the restroom has almost become an annoyance for males today. When a man first walks into the restroom, he is presented with a decision. He must choose which stall he is going to use to do his business. Obviously, if he is going to need to sit down on a toilet, he can just go and use a toilet. However, when he has to urinate, there is a list of options for him to choose from. If he is the first into the bathroom, he can choose whichever stall he pleases. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If there is already another man in the restroom, he must decide which stall to use. Choosing a stall can be a very complex decision for someone. There is nothing more uncomfortable than when â€Å"Two urinals [are] crammed in a two and a half foot space [with] no stall divider present† (Flannery). The number one rule for male restrooms is to never stand next to another man (Wicks). If there are no open urinals, he is to wait for one to open. As Rob Wicks comments on a situation, when â€Å"only one urinal is taken†¦[you choose the urinal furthest away] to minimize the chance of contact whatsoever with the person. In his example, there are five urinals and the far left one is being used. In this case, a man would use the far right urinal, keeping the most distance between him and the other person- three urinals. This keeps enough personal space between the two men so that neither of them can be too uncomfortable. When kids are growing up, we teach them to be friendly and open to people to a certain extent. Then why is it wrong for a grown man to stand next to a friend of his or in-between two men if there is no other option? If there are 4 urinals open and someone chooses the urinal next to him, it is seen as an invasion of privacy. It is said to be one of the worst situations in a public male restroom. However, this rule can be ignored if there are privacy dividers between the two neighboring urinals. A second rule or guideline that is set for male restrooms is the no conversation rule. Wicks again comments in a post about speaking in public restrooms, stating that, â€Å"Speech is your enemy. Never, ever, under any circumstance say a single word while within a bathroom. Not to a friend, not to a lover not to Jesus himself. Not only does this grate against all good things and the way of nature, it ruins the efficiency of the bathroom. When people speak, the tendency is for things to slow down. It’s easier for somebody to lose track of what they were doing when they try to multi-task. Because of this, the time spent in the restroom increases and causes less efficiency, especially during busy times like a sporting event at halftime. Men are more known for flatulating than women but it is seen as rude to d o it in public. In order to flatulate with respect, men are expected to go into a restroom or somewhere away from the public to do it. However, one of the unspoken rules of restrooms is to not make any noise while in the restroom (Wallach). With the opposing view points on making noise in a restroom, what is it doing to the alpha male? Is he supposed to become more proper and feminine by hiding their bodily functions or continue the â€Å"tradition† and do it in the restroom? Lastly, a rule often followed and for most men, a great thing is to make no eye contact at all costs (Wicks). This goes along with the personal space and privacy issue. When a man sees another man looking at him in a restroom, automatically, he thinks he is comparing sizes. This makes most men uncomfortable because it brings out an insecurity that a lot of people have bout themselves. Also, if someone else in the restroom catches a man staring at another man with his private area exposed a little bit, in he is seen to be gay. He might just be seen as a little weird; though in most cases, people would think otherwise. Even though going to the bathroom may seem like such a simple task, with the way society perceives actions, it too has become an annoyance to think about what to do. As Phil Rice stated in an interview online, â€Å"increased cultural diversity has necessitated the exposition of previously unwritten rules regarding the use of male restrooms. Although we try to make things easier as technology advances, it seems that some things will only continue to get harder and harder. Works Cited Flannery, Blake. Www. hubpages. com. Ed. Blake Flannery. 4 Aug. 2009 http://hubpages. com/hub/How-to-Behave-When-Using-a-Urinal-Man- Etiquette-in-the-Bathroom Rice, Phil. 2009. 30 July 2009 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Male_Restroom_Etiquette Wallach, Dan. Male Bathroom Rules. August 1, 2009 http://www. cs. rice. edu/~ssiyer/x/humour/funny00002. html Wicks, Rob. Male Restroom Etiquette. August 4, 2009 http://everything2. com/title/Male+restroom+etiquette

Folkways, Mores, Taboos, and Laws

Folkways, Mores, Taboos, and Laws The social norm, or simply norm, is arguably the most important concept in sociology. Sociologists believe that norms govern our lives by giving us implicit and explicit guidance on what to think and believe, how to behave, and how to interact with others. We learn norms in a variety of settings and from various people, including our family, our teachers and peers at school, and members of the media. There are four key types of norms, with differing levels of scope and reach, significance and importance, and methods of enforcement. These norms are, in order of increasing significance, folkways, mores, taboos, and laws. Folkways Early American sociologist William Graham Sumner was the first to write about the distinctions between different types of norms in his book Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals (1906). Sumner created the framework that sociologists still use today. Folkways, he wrote, are norms that stem from and organize casual interactions, and emerge out of repetition and routines. We engage in them to satisfy our daily needs, and they are most often unconscious in operation, though they are quite useful for the ordered functioning of society. A common example of a folkway is the practice, in many societies, of waiting in line. This practice brings order to the process of buying things or receiving services, allowing us to more easily perform the tasks of our daily lives. Other examples of folkways include the concept of appropriate dress, the practice of raising ones hand to take turns speaking in a group, and the practice of civil inattention- when we politely ignore others around us in public settings. Folkways mark the distinction between rude and polite behavior, so they exert a form of social pressure that encourages us to act and interact in certain ways. However, they do not have moral significance, and there are rarely serious consequences or sanctions for violating them. Mores Mores are more strict than folkways, as they determine what is considered moral and ethical behavior; they structure the difference between right and wrong. People feel strongly about mores, and violating them typically results in disapproval or ostracizing. As such, mores exact a greater coercive force in shaping our values, beliefs, behavior, and interactions than do folkways. Religious doctrines are an example of mores that govern social behavior. For example, many religions have prohibitions on cohabitating with a romantic partner before marriage. If a young adult from a strict religious family moves in with her boyfriend, her family, friends, and congregation are likely to view her behavior as immoral. They might punish her behavior by scolding her, threatening judgment in the afterlife, or shunning her from their homes and the church. These actions are meant to indicate that her behavior is immoral and unacceptable, and are designed to make her change  her behavior to align with the violated more. The belief that forms of discrimination and oppression, like racism and sexism, are unethical is another example of an important more in many societies today. Taboos A taboo is a very strong negative norm; it is a prohibition of certain behavior that is so strict that violating it results in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group or society. Often times the violator of the taboo is considered unfit to live in that society. For instance, in some Muslim cultures, eating pork is taboo because the pig is considered unclean. At the more extreme end, incest and cannibalism are both considered taboos in most places. Laws A law is a norm that is formally inscribed at the state or federal level  and is enforced by police or other government agents. Laws exist to discourage behavior that would typically result in injury or harm to another person, including violations of property rights.Those who enforce laws have been given legal right by a government to control behavior for the good of society at large. When someone violates a law, a state authority will impose a sanction, which can be as light as a payable fine or as severe as imprisonment.

Environmental Report (Shell) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Environmental Report (Shell) - Essay Example In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in charge of making sure industry is compliant with standards set into law. On the worldwide scale some developing countries do not have any guidelines, where as European Union and the United Kingdom do. European Union is responsible for a host of regulations that reduce greenhouse gas emission, preserve bio diversity, protect water supply and impose stiff fines for non compliance. The United Kingdom also has its own sets of rules and regulations, also enforced by fines for non-compliance. The International Standards Organization (ISO) has developed ISO 14000 and particularly ISO 14001 pertains to development and reporting sustainability of a company. ISO 14001 is a voluntary guideline that is compatible with the EU environmental management auditing standard (EMAS). This is one complexity that faces all companies that are trying to develop environmental sustainability. Developing a company that is both environmentally friendly and sustainable is the trend of the times in which the world finds itself these days. Shell is a worldwide company that has accepted this challenge of sustainability and reducing its impact on environments in which it operates. Herein is a brief overview of environmental management systems and environmental performance measure that make up a sustainable company. Thereafter evaluations of which systems have Shell put in to place, followed by a comparison of Shell with one of its competitor’s programs to evaluate how well Shell is in becoming an environmentally friendly and sustainable company. First there will be a discussion of sustainable development, environmental management systems (EMSs) and environmental policy management (EPMs). What is sustainable development? Sustainable development refers to using resources in such a way that fulfill our human needs today as well as save the environment from detrimental